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Test Bank for Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology 11th Edition by Frederic H. Martini Judi L. Nath
Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology, 11e (Martini)
Chapter 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology
Multiple Choice Questions
1) Anatomy is to ________ as physiology is to ________.
A) function; form
B) form; structure
C) structure; function
D) structure; form
E) growth; form
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
2) The analysis of the internal structure of individual cells is called
A) cytology.
B) histology.
C) embryology.
D) physiology.
E) anatomy.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 1-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
3) The study of the general form and superficial markings of an organism is called ________
anatomy.
A) gross
B) surface
C) systemic
D) regional
E) surgical
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
4) Anatomical features that change during illness are studied in ________ anatomy.
A) gross
B) surface
C) microscopic
D) pathological
E) regional
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 1-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
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5) The study of the first two months of development is termed
A) histology.
B) embryology.
C) cytology.
D) pathology.
E) organology.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
6) The study of the function of specific organ systems is called
A) systemic physiology.
B) organ physiology.
C) cell physiology.
D) pathological physiology.
E) histology.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 1-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
7) Cardiovascular function is an example of
A) histophysiology.
B) organ physiology.
C) systemic physiology.
D) pathological physiology.
E) physiological chemistry.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
8) The study of the liver is to gross anatomy as the study of a liver cell is to
A) physiology.
B) regional anatomy.
C) cytology.
D) systemic anatomy.
E) radiographic anatomy.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
3
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9) Identify the branch of biological science that studies the external and internal structure of the
body and the physical relationship among body parts.
A) genetics
B) physiology
C) embryology
D) anatomy
E) cytology
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 1-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
10) Identify the branch of biological science that deals with the study of how living organisms
perform their vital functions.
A) genetics
B) physiology
C) embryology
D) anatomy
E) cytology
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
11) The study of the changes in form that occur between conception and physical maturity is
called ________ anatomy.
A) developmental
B) clinical
C) systemic
D) embryological
E) physiological
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 1-3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
12) The study of the anatomical organization of specific areas of the body is called ________
anatomy.
A) gross
B) surface
C) systemic
D) regional
E) clinical
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 1-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
4
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13) The study of the relationships of the body’s structures by examining cross sections of tissues
or organs is called ________ anatomy.
A) gross
B) surface
C) systemic
D) regional
E) sectional
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 1-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
14) Which of the following is arranged in correct order from the most complex to the simplest?
A) cellular, tissue, molecular, system, organ, organism
B) molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism
C) tissue, cellular, molecular, organ, system, organism
D) organ, organism, molecular, cellular, tissue, system
E) organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, molecular
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 1-3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Analyzing
15) Which organ system provides support, protection of soft tissue, mineral storage, and blood
formation?
A) integumentary
B) muscular
C) skeletal
D) nervous
E) endocrine
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
16) Which organ system transports nutrients, metabolic wastes, gases, and defense cells?
A) cardiovascular
B) digestive
C) muscular
D) respiratory
E) urinary
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 1-3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
5
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17) Which organ system includes the spleen and the tonsils?
A) digestive
B) endocrine
C) nervous
D) cardiovascular
E) lymphatic
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 1-3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
18) The kidneys and ureters are organs of the ________ system.
A) endocrine
B) digestive
C) respiratory
D) urinary
E) lymphatic
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 1-3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
19) The pituitary gland and thyroid gland are organs of the ________ system.
A) endocrine
B) cardiovascular
C) respiratory
D) lymphatic
E) digestive
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 1-3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
20) Which organ system removes carbon dioxide from the bloodstream?
A) cardiovascular
B) lymphatic
C) respiratory
D) digestive
E) endocrine
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
6
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21) Lungs are to the respiratory system as the liver is to the ________ system.
A) lymphatic
B) urinary
C) digestive
D) cardiovascular
E) nervous
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
22) Skin, hair, and nails are associated with the ________ system.
A) skeletal
B) muscular
C) integumentary
D) endocrine
E) immune
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
23) A chemical imbalance in the body can cause the heart to stop pumping blood, which in turn
will cause other tissues and organs to cease functioning. This observation supports the view that
A) all organisms are composed of cells.
B) all levels of organization within an organism are interdependent.
C) chemical molecules make up cells.
D) blood has magical properties.
E) congenital defects can be life-threatening.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying
24) In general, the nervous system does each of the following except
A) help to maintain homeostasis.
B) respond rapidly to change.
C) direct long-term responses to change.
D) direct very specific responses.
E) interpret sensory information.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
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25) Which one of the following is not a characteristic of the endocrine system?
A) releases chemical messengers called hormones
B) produces a more rapid response than the nervous system
C) produces effects that last for days or longer
D) produces an effect that involves several organs or tissues at the same time
E) important homeostatic system
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
26) Systemic physiology is
A) the study of the effects of diseases on system functions.
B) the study of the function of specific organs.
C) the study of the functional chemistry of cells.
D) the study of all aspects of the functioning of specific organs systems.
E) the study of functions of the whole human body.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 1-3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
27) Anatomy uses a special language, called ________ terminology, which involves the use of
word roots, prefixes, suffixes, and combining forms to construct terms related to the body in
health and disease.
A) clinical
B) pathological
C) medical
D) anatomical
E) surgical
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-4
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
28) ________ serves as a worldwide official standard of anatomical vocabulary.
A) Gray’s Anatomy
B) Terminologia Anatomica
C) Hippocratic Corpus
D) Anatomia Inteligencia
E) De Materia Medica
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-4
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
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29) Many medical terms are rooted in
A) Latin.
B) German.
C) Greek.
D) Phoenician.
E) Greek or Latin.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 1-4
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
30) The quadrants of the abdominopelvic region include all of the following except
A) right upper quadrant (RUQ).
B) right lower quadrant (RLQ).
C) left upper quadrant (LUQ).
D) left lower quadrant (LLQ).
E) pelvic quadrant.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
31) Which of the following is not considered an abdominopelvic region?
A) right hypochondriac
B) right inguinal region
C) left lumbar
D) left hypochondriac
E) upper
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
32) A person who is standing facing forward with hands at the sides and palms facing forward is
in the ________ position.
A) supine
B) prone
C) anatomical
D) frontal
E) sagittal
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
9
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33) An anatomical term that means the same as ventral is
A) posterior.
B) inferior.
C) abdominal.
D) anterior.
E) superior.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
34) The heart is ________ to the lungs.
A) lateral
B) medial
C) posterior
D) proximal
E) distal
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying
35) The wrist is ________ to the elbow.
A) proximal
B) distal
C) lateral
D) medial
E) horizontal
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying
36) The chin is ________ to the nose.
A) anterior
B) superior
C) posterior
D) inferior
E) medial
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying
10
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37) Which of the following regions corresponds to the buttocks?
A) pelvic
B) cephalic
C) gluteal
D) lumbar
E) thoracic
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
38) Which of the following terms refers to the foot?
A) cervical
B) brachial
C) antebrachial
D) femoral
E) pedal
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
39) Which plane divides the body into right and left parts?
A) proximal
B) frontal
C) orthogonal
D) transverse
E) sagittal
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
40) A midsagittal section of the body would pass through the
A) kidney.
B) lung.
C) heart.
D) spleen.
E) leg.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
11
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41) The plane that separates the abdominal and the pelvic cavities is
A) the mediastinum.
B) sagittal on the brachium.
C) transverse at the hips.
D) midsagittal on the trunk.
E) superior to the thorax.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
42) Terms of anatomical direction are used to describe
A) one body part in relation to another.
B) surgical procedures.
C) a supine position.
D) the nervous system.
E) living matter.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying
43) While standing erect, the direction of caudal is
A) toward the head.
B) toward the heel.
C) lateral to the trunk.
D) medial to the sides.
E) posterior to the head.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying
44) While standing in the anatomical position,
A) front refers to anterior.
B) front refers to ventral.
C) back refers to posterior.
D) back refers to dorsal.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying
12
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45) The liver is primarily located in the ________ quadrant.
A) right upper
B) left upper
C) right lower
D) left lower
E) hepatic
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
46) The urinary bladder is found in the ________ quadrant and the ________ quadrant.
A) right upper; right lower
B) left upper; left lower
C) left upper; right upper
D) right lower; left lower
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
47) A person lying face down is in the ________ position.
A) anatomical
B) prone
C) supine
D) ventral
E) prostrate
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
48) A person lying on the bed and gazing at the ceiling is in the ________ position.
A) prone
B) supine
C) anatomical
D) dorsal
E) caudal
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
13
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49) The common term for the buccal region is the
A) back.
B) waist.
C) breast.
D) cheeks.
E) buttocks.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
50) The common term for the carpal region is the
A) wrist.
B) fingers.
C) ankle.
D) shin.
E) chest.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
51) The common name for the pollex is the
A) ear lobe.
B) belly.
C) big toe.
D) hand.
E) thumb.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
52) The common name for the patella is the
A) forehead.
B) knee.
C) heel.
D) palm of the hand.
E) chin.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
14
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53) A cut parallel to the midsagittal plane would produce a(n) ________ section.
A) frontal
B) transverse
C) oblique
D) parasagittal
E) coronal
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
54) The abdominopelvic region that is immediately superior to the umbilical region is the
A) hypogastric region.
B) left hypochondriac region.
C) right inguinal region.
D) epigastric region.
E) left lumbar region.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
55) The abdominopelvic region that is immediately superior to the hypogastric region is the
A) umbilical region.
B) left hypochondriac region.
C) right inguinal region.
D) epigastric region.
E) left lumbar region.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
56) The diaphragm muscle separates the ________ from the ________.
A) pleural cavity; mediastinum
B) thoracic cavity; abdominopelvic cavity
C) pericardial cavity; pleural cavity
D) abdominal cavity; pelvic cavity
E) pericardial sac; pericardial cavity
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-6
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
15
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57) The thoracic cavity contains the
A) coelom.
B) pericardial cavity.
C) pelvic cavity.
D) pleural cavities.
E) pericardial and pleural cavities.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 1-6
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
58) The serous membrane covering the stomach and most of the intestines is called the
A) pericardium.
B) peritoneum.
C) pleura.
D) mediastinum.
E) abdomen.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-6
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
59) Which of the following organs is described as retroperitoneal?
A) stomach
B) kidney
C) urinary bladder
D) large intestine
E) spleen
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-6
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
60) The right pleural cavity contains
A) the heart.
B) the trachea.
C) the left lung.
D) the right lung.
E) both lungs.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 1-6
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
16
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61) Visceral pericardium is located
A) on the heart itself.
B) lining the pleural cavity.
C) lining the pericardial cavity.
D) on the lung itself.
E) lining the peritoneal cavity.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 1-6
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
62) The mediastinum
A) contains the pleural cavities.
B) separates the pleural cavities.
C) contains the pericardial cavity.
D) contains the pleural cavities and pericardial cavity.
E) separates the pleural cavities and includes the pericardial cavity.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 1-6
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
63) Identify the structure located within the mediastinum.
A) pericardial cavity
B) small intestine
C) lung
D) spleen
E) stomach
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 1-6
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
64) Which of the following imaging techniques is used to monitor blood flow through specific
organs, such as the brain, heart, lungs, and kidneys?
A) PET scan
B) ultrasound
C) digital subtraction angiography
D) MRI
E) CT scan
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-6
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying
17
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65) The ________ is the membrane that covers the internal organs.
A) parietal serosa
B) visceral serosa
C) mucous membrane
D) cutaneous membrane
E) serous membrane
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-6
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
66) The ________ is the membrane that covers the inner surface of cavity walls.
A) parietal serosa
B) visceral serosa
C) mucous membrane
D) cutaneous membrane
E) serous membrane
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 1-6
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
67) Which of the following imaging techniques causes particles within atoms to line up in
uniform direction allowing the imaging of soft tissue?
A) PET scan
B) ultrasound
C) digital subtraction angiography
D) MRI
E) CT scan
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 1-6
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying
68) The imaging technique that assesses metabolic and physiological activity of a structure is
called a
A) PET scan.
B) ultrasound.
C) digital subtraction angiography.
D) MRI.
E) CT scan.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 1-6
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying
18
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69) The imaging technique that builds an image by using sound waves reflected by internal
structures is called a
A) PET scan.
B) ultrasound.
C) digital subtraction angiography.
D) MRI.
E) CT scan.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-6
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying
70) The central principle of physiology is
A) nutrition.
B) reflexes.
C) homeostasis.
D) stimulation.
E) temperature regulation.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-7
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
71) The maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment in an organism is termed
A) positive feedback.
B) homeostasis.
C) negative feedback.
D) effector control.
E) integration.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-7
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
72) The tendency for physiological systems to stabilize internal conditions is called
A) self-regulation.
B) homeostasis.
C) equilibriosis.
D) hemopoiesis.
E) amplification.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-7
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
19
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73) Homeostatic regulation usually involves a(n) ________ that detects a particular stimulus, and
a(n) ________ that responds to the stimulus by communicating with a(n) ________ whose
activity has an effect on the same stimulus.
A) control center; effector; receptor
B) receiver; communicator; effector
C) receptor; control center; effector
D) effector; receiver; communicator
E) control center; receiver; effector
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-7
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
74) ________ results from the activities of the nervous or endocrine system.
A) Self-regulation
B) Automatic regulation
C) Intrinsic regulation
D) Extrinsic regulation
E) Autoregulation
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 1-7
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
75) The process that occurs when a cell, tissue, organ, or organ system adjusts in response to
some environmental change is
A) negative feedback.
B) positive feedback.
C) homeostatic equilibrium.
D) dynamic equilibrium.
E) autoregulation.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 1-7
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
76) When body temperature rises, a center in the brain initiates physiological changes to
decrease the body temperature. This is an example of
A) negative feedback.
B) positive feedback.
C) nonhomeostatic regulation.
D) diagnostic regulation.
E) fever.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 1-8
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
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77) A cell or an organ that responds to commands of the control center in negative feedback is
termed a(n)
A) receptor.
B) thermoregulator.
C) hypothalamus.
D) effector.
E) stimulus.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 1-8
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
78) This type of feedback exaggerates the effects of variations from normal.
A) negative
B) positive
C) neutral
D) depressing
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-8
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
79) If a response decreases a disturbance, the control system is classified as a ________ feedback
system.
A) deficit
B) negative
C) neutral
D) polarized
E) positive
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-8
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
80) If a response increases a disturbance, the control system is classified as a ________ feedback
system.
A) deficit
B) negative
C) neutral
D) polarized
E) positive
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 1-8
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
21
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81) An example of a receptor in a negative feedback loop controlling body temperature would be
A) temperature sensors on the skin that detect a stimulus.
B) sweat glands that increase secretion.
C) regulatory centers that send commands to an effector.
D) effectors that cause blood vessels to dilate.
E) sweat glands that act like effectors.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 1-8
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
82) The integrating center for the negative feedback loop that regulates body temperature is the
A) hypothalamus.
B) skin.
C) temperature sensor.
D) positive feedback center.
E) thermostat.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 1-8
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
83) Disease is an indicator of
A) negative feedback.
B) signs and symptoms.
C) homeostatic failure.
D) positive feedback.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-8
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
84) In ________ a stimulus produces a response that opposes or negates the original stimulus.
A) negative feedback
B) positive feedback
C) homeostatic equilibrium
D) dynamic equilibrium
E) homeostasis
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 1-8
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
22
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85) In ________ a stimulus produces a response that amplifies or enhances the original stimulus.
A) negative feedback
B) positive feedback
C) homeostatic equilibrium
D) dynamic equilibrium
E) homeostasis
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-8
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
In-Text Figure Based Questions
1) Are the following anatomical landmarks visible from the anterior or posterior view: dorsal,
gluteal, calcaneal? (Figure 1-3)
A) anterior
B) posterior
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
2) In which abdominopelvic quadrant and region is the stomach predominantly found? (Figure 1-
4)
A) right upper quadrant and epigastric region
B) left lower quadrant and umbilical region
C) left upper quadrant and epigastric region
D) right lower quadrant and umbilical region
E) left lower quadrant and hypochondriac region
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
3) Using directional references for a person in anatomical position, how would you describe the
relationship of the hand compared to the elbow? To the groin? (Figure 1-5)
A) proximal; medial
B) proximal; posterior
C) proximal; lateral
D) distal; medial
E) distal; lateral
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
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4) Which plane separates the body into superior and inferior portions? Which plane separates the
body into anterior and posterior portions? (Figure 1-6)
A) transverse/horizontal; sagittal
B) sagittal; transverse/horizontal
C) frontal/coronal; sagittal
D) transverse/horizontal; frontal/coronal
E) frontal/coronal; transverse/horizontal
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
5) If a person’s body temperature gets too high, the body will respond by decreasing its
temperature to restore homeostasis. What are some of the body’s homeostatic responses to
decrease body temperature? (Figure 1-9)
A) blood vessels constrict, sweating increases
B) blood vessels are not affected but sweating decreases
C) blood vessels dilate, sweating increases
D) shivering increases
E) sweating decreases, shivering increases
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 1-8
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
Essay Questions
1) What is homeostatic regulation, and what is its physiological importance?
Answer: Homeostatic regulation refers to adjustments in physiological systems that are
responsible for the preservation of a constant internal environment. This enables cells to maintain
metabolism and the chemical environment that stabilizes the living state.
Learning Outcome: 1-7
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Analyzing
2) During exercise, blood flow to skeletal muscles increases. The initial response that increases
blood flow is automatic and independent of the nervous and endocrine systems. Which type of
homeostatic regulation is this? Why?
Answer: The initial increase in blood flow to active muscles is an example of autoregulation.
For example, when oxygen levels decline in a tissue, the cells release chemicals that dilate local
blood vessels. This dilation increases the rate of blood flow and provides more oxygen to the
region even before responses from the nervous or endocrine system take place. Autoregulation
does not require the nervous or endocrine system.
Learning Outcome: 1-7
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Analyzing
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3) Name the organs found in the thoracic cavity.
Answer: lungs, heart, trachea, esophagus, thymus, major blood vessels connected to the heart
Learning Outcome: 1-6
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
4) Name the two upper abdominal quadrants and list the organs that lie in each.
Answer: right upper quadrant (RUQ): right lobe of liver, gallbladder, right kidney, portions of
stomach, large and small intestines; left upper quadrant (LUQ): left lobe of liver, stomach,
pancreas, left kidney, spleen, portions of large intestine
Learning Outcome: 1-5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
5) Explain what dynamic equilibrium is and how it affects homeostasis.
Answer: Dynamic equilibrium is defined by a system that is capable of adapting and adjusting to
changing conditions in order to maintain a normal range of values. In thermal regulation at
equilibrium heat loss is equal to heat production. As circumstances changing and our bodies
experience more muscle contraction we increase heat production. In order to maintain
equilibrium the body must shed excess heat produced by the muscles so that heat loss and heat
production are again equal or in equilibrium.
Learning Outcome: 1-8
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying
1
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Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology, 11e (Martini)
Chapter 2 The Chemical Level of Organization
Multiple Choice Questions
1) The smallest stable units of matter are
A) atoms.
B) molecules.
C) protons.
D) neutrons.
E) electrons.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
2) The “atomic number” of an atom is determined by the number of ________ it has.
A) electrons
B) protons
C) neutrons
D) protons + neutrons
E) protons + electrons
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
3) The “atomic weight” of an atom reflects the average number of
A) protons.
B) neutrons.
C) electrons.
D) protons + neutrons.
E) protons + neutrons + electrons.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
4) One mole of any element has the same
A) mass.
B) weight.
C) number of atoms.
D) number of electrons.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
2
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5) The nucleus of an atom consists of
A) electrons.
B) protons.
C) neutrons.
D) protons + neutrons.
E) protons + electrons.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
6) Isotopes of an element differ in the number of
A) protons in the nucleus.
B) electrons in the nucleus.
C) neutrons in the nucleus.
D) electron clouds.
E) electrons in energy shells.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
7) The innermost electron shell in an atom holds up to ________ electrons.
A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 6
E) 8
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
8) Radioisotopes have unstable
A) ions.
B) nuclei.
C) isotopes.
D) electron clouds.
E) protons.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
3
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9) By weight, which element is the most plentiful in the human body?
A) sulfur
B) sodium
C) oxygen
D) potassium
E) carbon
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
10) Which of these lists contains only trace elements?
A) sulfur, chlorine, oxygen
B) selenium, hydrogen, calcium
C) boron, oxygen, carbon
D) silicon, fluorine, tin
E) cobalt, calcium, sodium
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
11) Helium (HE) has an atomic number of 2. It is chemically stable because it
A) is neutral in electrical charge.
B) readily ionizes to react with other atoms.
C) has a full outer electron shell.
D) will form a covalent bond with another He atom.
E) lacks electrons, thus the He atom is stable.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying
12) Which element commonly has only a proton as its nucleus?
A) helium
B) neon
C) argon
D) hydrogen
E) carbon
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
4
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13) By weight, which element is the second most abundant in the human body?
A) oxygen
B) carbon
C) hydrogen
D) nitrogen
E) calcium
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
14) In any given molecule, the sum of the atomic weights of its component atoms is called
A) molecular mass.
B) molecular weight.
C) atomic mass.
D) atomic weight.
E) chemical mass.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
15) Given the following approximate values, calculate the molecular weight for NaCl.
Atomic number for Na: 11, Atomic weight for Na: 23 g/mol, Atomic number for Cl: 17,Atomic
weight for Cl: 35 g/mol, Boiling point for Cl: -34 °C
A) 11 g/mol
B) 28 g/mol
C) 34 g/mol
D) 40 g/mol
E) 58 g/mol
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Analyzing
16) If an isotope of oxygen has 8 protons, 10 neutrons, and 8 electrons, its mass number is
A) 26.
B) 16.
C) 18.
D) 8.
E) 12.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Analyzing
5
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17) If an element is composed of atoms with an atomic number of 6 and a mass number of 14,
then a non-isotopic atom of this element contains
A) 6 protons.
B) 8 electrons.
C) 8 neutrons.
D) 6 protons and 8 electrons.
E) 6 protons and 8 neurons.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Analyzing
18) A(n) ________ is a pure substance composed of atoms of only one kind.
A) element
B) macromolecule
C) ion
D) isotope
E) compound
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
19) The center of an atom is called the
A) core.
B) hub.
C) middle point.
D) nucleus.
E) focus.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
20) Electrons whirl around the center of the atom at high speed, forming a(n)
A) spiral.
B) figure 8.
C) cylinder.
D) electron cloud.
E) helix.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
6
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21) Electrons in an atom occupy an orderly series of electron shells or
A) energy levels.
B) electron clouds.
C) energy circles.
D) electron lanes.
E) energy fields.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
22) The actual mass of an atom is known as its
A) chemical weight.
B) atomic weight.
C) atomic mass.
D) chemical mass.
E) chemical force.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
23) Atoms of the same element whose nuclei contain the same number of protons, but different
numbers of neutrons, are called
A) isotonics.
B) heterotopes.
C) isotopes.
D) homotopes.
E) heterotonics.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
24) The ________ of a radioactive substance is the time required for 50 percent of a given
amount of radioisotope to decay.
A) decay-point
B) mid-life
C) deterioration point
D) half-life
E) entropy
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 2-1
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
7
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25) The molecule NO is known as
A) nitric oxide.
B) noxious oxide.
C) noxious oxygen.
D) nitric oxygen.
E) nitrous oxide.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 2-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
26) The molecule CO2 is known as
A) carbonized oxygen.
B) carbonated oxygen.
C) carbon monoxide.
D) carbon oxide.
E) carbon dioxide.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 2-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
27) The molecule H2 is known as
A) hydrohydrogen.
B) hydrogen.
C) hydroxide.
D) helium.
E) semi-water.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 2-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
28) When electrons are transferred from one atom to another, and the two atoms unite as a result
of the opposite charges, a(n) ________ is formed.
A) ion
B) molecule
C) hydrogen bond
D) ionic bond
E) covalent bond
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 2-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
8
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29) Magnesium atoms have two electrons in the outermost shell. As a result, you would expect
magnesium to form ions with a charge of
A) +1.
B) +2.
C) -1.
D) -2.
E) either +2 or -2.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 2-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
30) Which of the following statements about hydrogen bonds is false?
A) Hydrogen bonds are strong attractive forces between hydrogen atoms and negatively charged
atoms.
B) Hydrogen bonds can occur within a single molecule.
C) Hydrogen bonds can form between neighboring molecules.
D) Hydrogen bonds are important for holding large molecules together.
E) Hydrogen bonds are responsible for many of the properties of water.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 2-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
31) The molecule O2 is known as
A) oxide.
B) oxygen.
C) organic.
D) oxate.
E) a salt.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 2-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
32) H2O is an example of a(n)
A) ionic formula.
B) glucose molecule.
C) compound.
D) ion.
E) covalent formula.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 2-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
9
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33) Which of the following is not a cation?
A) Na+
B) Cl-
C) K+
D) Ca2+
E) Mg2+
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 2-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
34) A dust particle floating on a water surface illustrates
A) surface tension.
B) chemical tension.
C) static electricity.
D) heat capacity.
E) hydrophilic attraction.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 2-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
35) In an aqueous solution, cations are attracted toward
A) sodium.
B) salt.
C) buffers.
D) anions.
E) hydrogen ions.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 2-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
36) In an aqueous solution, sodium ions would move toward
A) a negative terminal.
B) a positive terminal.
C) a pH terminal.
D) an organic terminal.
E) the bottom.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 2-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
10
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37) The chemical behavior of an atom is determined by the
A) number of protons.
B) number of neutrons.
C) outermost electron shell.
D) size of the atom.
E) mass of the nucleus.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 2-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
38) Ions with a + charge are called
A) cations.
B) anions.
C) radicals.
D) positrons.
E) isotopes.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 2-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
39) When atoms complete their outer electron shell by sharing electrons, they form
A) ionic bonds.
B) covalent bonds.
C) hydrogen bonds.
D) anions.
E) cations.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 2-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
40) Ionic bonds are formed when
A) atoms share electrons.
B) an electron or electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another.
C) a pair of electrons is shared unequally by two atoms.
D) hydrogen forms bonds with negatively charged atoms.
E) two or more atoms lose electrons at the same time.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 2-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
11
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41) If a pair of electrons is unequally shared between two atoms, a(n) ________ bond occurs.
A) single covalent
B) double covalent
C) triple covalent
D) polar covalent
E) hydrogen
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 2-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
42) Elements that have atoms with full outer shells of electrons
A) will form many compounds.
B) will normally form anions.
C) will normally form cations.
D) frequently form hydrogen bonds.
E) are inert gases.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 2-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
43) Ions in an ionic molecule are held together due to
A) the sharing of electrons.
B) the attraction of opposite electrical charges.
C) each electron orbiting all of the ions in the molecule.
D) the presence of water molecules.
E) the attraction of similar charges of the ions’ protons.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 2-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
44) Sodium (NA) has an atomic number of 11. How many electrons are in the outer electron
shell of a neutral sodium atom?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 8
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 2-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Analyzing
12
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45) Oxygen (atomic number 8) requires how many additional electrons to fill its outer electron
shell?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 6
E) 8
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 2-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Analyzing
46) The formula for methane gas is CH4. What does the formula 4CH4 represent?
A) a molecule with 4 carbon atoms
B) a molecule with 4 carbon atoms and 16 hydrogen atoms
C) 4 molecules, each containing a carbon and a hydrogen atom
D) 4 molecules, each containing a carbon atom and 4 hydrogen atoms
E) an inorganic compound with ionic bonds
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 2-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying
47) In an ionic bond, the electron donor is the ________, whereas the electron acceptor is the
________.
A) acid; base
B) salt; ion
C) anion; cation
D) base; acid
E) cation; anion
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 2-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
48) In a molecule of nitrogen, three pairs of electrons are shared by two nitrogen atoms. The type
of bond that is formed is an example of a ________ bond.
A) single trivalent
B) double divalent
C) triple covalent
D) polar covalent
E) hydrogen
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 2-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
13
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49) In chemical notation, the symbol Ca2+ means
A) two calcium atoms.
B) a calcium ion that has lost two electrons.
C) a calcium ion that has gained two protons.
D) a calcium ion that has gained two electrons.
E) a calcium ion that has lost two protons.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 2-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
50) Magnesium atoms have two electrons in the outermost shell and chlorine atoms have seven.
The compound magnesium chloride would contain
A) 1 magnesium and 1 chlorine.
B) 1 magnesium and 2 chlorine.
C) 2 magnesium and 1 chlorine.
D) 2 magnesium and 7 chlorine.
E) impossible to tell without more information
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 2-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying
51) Ions with a negative charge are called
A) cations.
B) anions.
C) radicals.
D) positrons.
E) isotopes.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 2-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
52) The three familiar states of matter are solids, liquids, and
A) globules.
B) fibroids.
C) gases.
D) crystals.
E) vapors.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 2-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
14
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53) A molecule that has unpaired electrons is a(n)
A) isotope.
B) free radical.
C) ion.
D) triple bonded molecule.
E) compound.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 2-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
54) Cumulative damage from reactive ________ is thought to be a major factor in aging.
A) nitrogen
B) double bonds
C) isotopes
D) free radicals
E) helium
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 2-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
55) Oxygen, which forms naturally as two atoms, are bonded together with what type of bond?
A) nonpolar covalent bond
B) single covalent bond
C) polar covalent bond
D) ionic bond
E) hydrogen bond
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 2-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
56) The electrostatic attraction between the slight positive charge of a hydrogen of one molecule
and the slight negative charge of an oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine of another molecule is called
a(n)
A) nonpolar covalent bond.
B) single covalent bond.
C) polar covalent bond.
D) ionic bond.
E) hydrogen bond.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 2-2
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
15
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57) AB → A + B is to decomposition as A + B → AB is to
A) exchange.
B) synthesis.
C) combustion.
D) replacement.
E) metabolism.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 2-3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Analyzing
58) The reaction A + B + energy → AB is an example of a(n) ________ reaction.
A) exergonic
B) endergonic
C) equilibrium
D) decomposition
E) exchange
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 2-3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
59) In hydrolysis reactions, compounds react with
A) hydrogen, causing decomposition.
B) glucose, causing decomposition.
C) water, causing decomposition.
D) carbon, causing decomposition.
E) water, causing synthesis.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 2-3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
60) In dehydration synthesis reactions, compounds
A) lose water molecules.
B) gain water molecules.
C) convert water molecules to hydrogen and oxygen.
D) convert hydrogen and oxygen to water.
E) gain electrons.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 2-3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
16
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61) Kinetic energy is stored as ________ energy when a spring is stretched or compressed.
A) potential
B) possible
C) plausible
D) probable
E) positive
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 2-3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
62) Stored energy that has the ability to do work is called
A) kinetic energy.
B) heat energy.
C) light energy.
D) potential energy.
E) dark energy.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 2-3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
63) The energy of motion is
A) kinetic energy.
B) heat energy.
C) light energy.
D) potential energy.
E) dark energy.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 2-3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
64) Collectively, reactions that break down molecules are known as
A) anabolism.
B) metabolism.
C) synthesis reactions.
D) exchange reactions.
E) catabolism.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 2-3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
17
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65) Collectively, reactions that build new molecules are known as
A) anabolic.
B) metabolic.
C) synthetic reactions.
D) exchange reactions.
E) catabolic.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 2-3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
66) The reaction HCl → H+ + Cl- is what type of reaction?
A) decomposition
B) exchange
C) hydrolysis
D) synthesis
E) reversible
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 2-3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying
67) The reaction H2CO3 ↔ H+ + HCO3 is what type of reaction?
A) decomposition
B) exchange
C) hydrolysis
D) synthesis
E) reversible
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 2-3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying
68) The reaction HCl + NaOH → H2O + NaCl is what type of reaction?
A) decomposition
B) exchange
C) hydrolysis
D) synthesis
E) reversible
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 2-3
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying
18
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69) Chemical reactions that yield energy, such as heat, are said to be
A) endergonic.
B) activated.
C) exergonic.
D) neutral.
E) thermonuclear.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 2-4
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
70) Which of the following descriptors is false regarding enzymes?
A) They are proteins.
B) They function as biological catalysts.
C) They lower the activation energy required for a reaction.
D) They affect only the rate of a chemical reaction.
E) They are consumed during the reaction.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 2-4
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
71) Chemical reactions that absorb energy are called
A) exergonic.
B) endergonic.
C) equilibrial.
D) decomposition.
E) exchange.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 2-4
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
72) Chemical reactions that occur in the body are accelerated by
A) vitamins.
B) cofactors.
C) hormones.
D) electrons.
E) enzymes.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 2-4
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
19
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73) In living cells, complex metabolic reactions proceed in a series of steps called
A) maneuvers.
B) degrees.
C) pathways.
D) increments.
E) cascades.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 2-4
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
74) Activation energy is
A) the energy of motion.
B) stored energy.
C) the same as heat energy.
D) the energy in chemical bonds.
E) the energy needed to start a reaction.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 2-4
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
75) Each of the following is an inorganic compound except
A) water.
B) acids.
C) bases.
D) salts.
E) carbohydrates.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 2-5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
76) Which of the following is both an anion and a compound?
A) Na+
B) Cl-
C) K+
D) HCO3-
E) NaCl
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 2-5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Applying
20
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77) Compounds that contain carbon as the primary structural atom are called ________
molecules.
A) carbonic
B) organic
C) inorganic
D) catabolic
E) anabolic
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 2-5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
78) Compounds that do not usually contain carbon and hydrogen atoms as the primary structural
ingredients are called ________ molecules.
A) non-carbonic
B) organic
C) hydro-carbonic
D) metabolic
E) inorganic
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 2-5
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
79) Nonpolar organic molecules are good examples of
A) electrolytes.
B) molecules that will dissociate when placed into water.
C) hydrophobic compounds.
D) hydrophilic compounds.
E) solutes.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 2-6
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
80) During ionization, water molecules disrupt the ionic bonds of a salt to produce a mixture of
ions. These ions can carry a current and so are called
A) cations.
B) anions.
C) acids.
D) electrolytes.
E) counterions.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 2-6
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
21
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81) Oppositely charged ions in solution are prevented from combining by
A) heat capacity of water.
B) hydration spheres.
C) water’s nonpolar nature.
D) free radicals.
E) hydrogen bonding.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 2-6
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
82) Hydrophilic molecules readily associate with
A) lipid molecules.
B) hydrophobic molecules.
C) water molecules.
D) acids.
E) salts.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 2-6
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
83) Which of the following statements about water is false?
A) It is composed of polar molecules.
B) It is responsible for much of the mass of the human body.
C) It has a relatively low heat capacity.
D) It can dissolve many substances.
E) It contains hydrogen bonds.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 2-6
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
84) Which property of water helps keeps body temperature stabilized?
A) kinetic energy
B) lubrication
C) surface tension
D) reactivity
E) thermal inertia
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 2-6
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
22
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85) Soluble inorganic compounds whose solutions will conduct an electric current are called
A) electrolytes.
B) ions.
C) isotopes.
D) free radicals.
E) metabolites.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 2-6
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
86) A(n) ________ is a homogeneous mixture containing a solvent and a solute.
A) emulsion
B) blend
C) compound
D) infusion
E) solution
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 2-6
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
87) Molecules that do not readily interact with water are called
A) inert.
B) stable.
C) hydrophobic.
D) unstable.
E) hydrophilic.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 2-6
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
88) Muddy lake water is an example of a(n)
A) colloid.
B) suspension.
C) solute.
D) solvent.
E) solution.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 2-6
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
23
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89) Water has the ability to dissolve polar covalent molecules like sucrose by
A) forming hydration spheres around the molecule.
B) pulling atoms out of the molecule and into solution.
C) creating crystals of positively and negatively charged atoms.
D) taking electrons from the polar covalent molecule.
E) ionization.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 2-6
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
90) Which of the following has the highest concentration of hydroxide ions?
A) pH 1
B) pH 14
C) pH 7
D) pH 10
E) pH 2
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 2-7
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
91) Which pH is closest to normal body pH?
A) pH 7
B) pH 8
C) pH 4
D) pH 3
E) pH 2
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 2-7
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
92) An excess of hydrogen ions in the body fluids can have fatal results because this can
A) break chemical bonds.
B) change the shape of proteins, rendering them nonfunctional.
C) disrupt tissue functions.
D) change body fluid pH.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 2-7
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
24
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93) A solution containing equal numbers of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions is
A) acidic.
B) basic.
C) neutral.
D) alkaline.
E) in equilibrium.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 2-7
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
94) The chemical notation that indicates concentration is represented as
A) ().
B) <>.
C) [ ].
D) {}.
E) ||.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 2-7
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
95) If a substance has a pH that is greater than 7, it is
A) neutral.
B) acidic.
C) alkaline.
D) a buffer.
E) a salt.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 2-7
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remembering
96) An important buffer in body fluids is
A) NaCl.
B) NaOH.
C) HCl.
D) NaHCO3.
E) H2O.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 2-7
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
25
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97) Which of the following substances would be most acidic?
A) lemon juice, pH = 2
B) urine, pH = 6
C) tomato juice, pH = 4
D) white wine, pH = 3
E) stomach secretions, pH = 1
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 2-7
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
98) Of the following choices, the pH of the least acidic solution is
A) 6.0.
B) 4.5.
C) 2.3.
D) 1.0.
E) 12.0.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 2-7
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
99) Which has the greater concentration of hydrogen ions, a substance with a pH of 5 or a
substance with a pH of 4?
A) A pH of 4 is greater.
B) A pH of 5 is greater.
C) They are both equal; 4 and 5 are relative values.
D) pH 9, if you mixed the solutions.
E) There is not enough information to determine the answer.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 2-7
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
100) The ________ of a solution is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration
expressed in moles per liter.
A) charge
B) pH
C) solubility
D) acidity
E) basicity
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 2-7
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
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101) What is the [H+] in pure water?
A) 1X10-7 mol/L
B) 1X10-14 mol/L
C) 7 mol/L
D) 1X107 mol/L
E) 1X1014 mol/L
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 2-7
Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understanding
102) What is the pH of a solution with a [H+]=1X10-7 mol/L?