Description

Test Bank For Human Anatomy & Physiology 4th Edition

Anatomy And Physiology 4th Edition Marieb Test Bank 9780321616401

Content
Chapter 1 The Human Body: An Orientation 1
Chapter 2 Chemistry Comes Alive 19
Chapter 3 Cells: The Living Units 40
Chapter 4 Tissue: The Living Fabric 59
Chapter 5 The Integumentary System 76
Chapter 6 Bones and Skeletal Tissue 95
Chapter 7 The Skeleton 111
Chapter 8 Joints 128
Chapter 9 Muscles and Muscle Tissue 144
Chapter 10 The Muscular System 165
Chapter 11 Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue 183
Chapter 12 The Central Nervous System 200
Chapter 13 The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity 224
Chapter 14 The Autonomic Nervous System 250
Chapter 15 The Endocrine System 265
Chapter 16 Blood 285
Chapter 17 The Cardiovascular System: The Heart 303
Chapter 18 The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels 321
Chapter 19 The Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Organs and Tissues 341
Chapter 20 The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses 354
Chapter 21 The Respiratory System 373
Chapter 22 The Digestive System 393
Chapter 23 Nutrition, Metabolism, and Body Temperature Regulation 417
Chapter 24 The Urinary System 436
Chapter 25 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance 454
Chapter 26 The Reproductive System 470

Chapter 1 The Human Body: An Introduction
Matching Questions
Figure 1.1
Using Figure 1.1, match the following cavities:
1) Thoracic cavity.
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15-16; Fig. 1.9
2) Cranial cavity.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15-16; Fig. 1.9
3) Abdominal cavity.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15-16; Fig. 1.9
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2 Test Bank for Anatomy & Physiology
4) Vertebral cavity.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15-16; Fig. 1.9
Figure 1.2
Using Figure 1.2, match the following regions:
5) Umbilical region.
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 17; Fig. 1.12
6) Right hypochondriac.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 17; Fig. 1.12
7) Hypogastric (pubic) region.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 17; Fig. 1.12
8) Epigastric region.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 17; Fig. 1.12
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CHAPTER 1 The Human Body: An Orientation 3
9) Right iliac (inguinal) region.
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 17; Fig. 1.12
Match the following systems to their functions:
10) Directly causes mechanical
motion.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6; Fig. 1.3c
11) Responds to environmental
changes by transmitting
electrical impulses.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6; Fig. 1.3d
12) Provides support and levers
for muscles to work on.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6; Fig. 1.3b
13) Protects underlying organs
from mechanical damage and
synthesizes vitamin D.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6; Fig. 1.3a
A) Muscular
B) Skeletal
C) Integumentary
D) Nervous
Answers: 10) A 11) D 12) B 13) C
Match the following systems to their functions:
14) Controls the body with
chemical molecules called
hormones.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6; Fig. 1.3e
15) Delivers oxygen and nutrients
to the tissues.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6; Fig. 1.3f
16) Produces antibodies that
neutralize foreign substances.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7; Fig. 1.3g
17) Removes and filters excess
fluid from tissues.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7; Fig. 1.3g
A) Immune
B) Endocrine
C) Cardiovascular
D) Lymphatic
Answers: 14) B 15) C 16) A 17) D
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4 Test Bank for Anatomy & Physiology
Match the following examples of feedback mechanisms:
18) Blood glucose levels
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 9-10
19) Blood pressure
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 9-10
20) Blood clotting
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 9-10
21) Delivering a baby
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 9-10
A) Negative feedback
B) Positive feedback
Answers: 18) A 19) A 20) B 21) B
Match the following systems and organs:
22) Arteries, veins, heart.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6; Fig. 1.3f
23) Trachea, bronchi, alveoli.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7; Fig. 1.3h
24) Adrenal glands, pancreas,
pituitary.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6; Fig. 1.3e
25) Esophagus, large intestine,
rectum.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7; Fig. 1.3i
26) Kidneys, bladder, ureters.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7; Fig. 1.3j
A) Digestive
B) Cardiovascular
C) Urinary
D) Respiratory
E) Endocrine
Answers: 22) B 23) D 24) E 25) A 26) C
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CHAPTER 1 The Human Body: An Orientation 5
Match the following cavities and organs:
27) Stomach.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15; Fig. 1.9
28) Heart.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15; Fig. 1.9
29) Uterus.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15; Fig. 1.9
30) Brain.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15; Fig. 1.9
31) Lungs.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15; Fig. 1.9
A) Cranial
B) Abdominopelvic
C) Thoracic
Answers: 27) B 28) C 29) B 30) A 31) C
Match the following regional terms and common terms:
32) Arm.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 13; Fig. 1.7
33) Buttock.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 13; Fig. 1.7
34) Head.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 13; Fig. 1.7
35) Knee (anterior aspect).
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 13; Fig. 1.7
36) Chest.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 13; Fig. 1.7
A) Brachial
B) Gluteal
C) Cephalic
D) Patellar
E) Thoracic
Answers: 32) A 33) B 34) C 35) D 36) E
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6 Test Bank for Anatomy & Physiology
Match the regional/directional terms and examples:
37) The bridge of the nose is
________ to the left eye.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 12; Tbl. 1.1
38) The upper arm is ________ to
the forearm.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 12; Tbl. 1.1
39) The heart is ________ to the
stomach.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 12; Tbl. 1.1
40) The fingers are ________ to the
wrist.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 12; Tbl. 1.1
41) The stomach is ________ to the
spine.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 12; Tbl. 1.1
A) Medial
B) Distal
C) Proximal
D) Anterior
E) Superior
Answers: 37) A 38) C 39) E 40) B 41) D
True/False Questions
1) Positive feedback mechanisms tend to increase the original stimulus.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 9-10
2) The anatomical position means the body is standing at attention with the palms facing forward
and the thumbs pointing away from the body.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 13; Fig. 1.7
3) The elbow is proximal to the shoulder.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 12; Tbl. 1.1
4) The serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity wall is called visceral peritoneum.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 16-17
5) A major function of serous membranes is to decrease friction.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 16-17
6) The right hypochondriac region contains the majority of the stomach.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 17; Fig. 1.12
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CHAPTER 1 The Human Body: An Orientation 7
7) Lungs carry out an excretory function.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7
8) Embryology concerns the structural changes that occur in an individual from conception
through old age.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 2
9) A tissue consists of groups of similar cells that have a common function.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4
10) It is important for any organism to maintain its boundaries, so that its internal environment
remains distinct from the external environment surrounding it.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4
11) Without some sort of negative feedback mechanism, it would be impossible to keep our body
chemistry in balance.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 9
12) Regardless of the variable being regulated, all homeostatic control mechanisms have at least
three interdependent components.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 9; Fig. 1.4
13) The epigastric region is located superior to the umbilical region.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 17; Fig. 1.12
Multiple-Choice Questions
1) Histology would be best defined as a study of ________.
A) cells
B) tissues
C) cell chemistry
D) the gross structures of the body
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 2
2) The study of the heart may incorporate many aspects of anatomy but as a whole you would say
it is __________ anatomy.
A) microscopic
B) gross
C) developmental
D) systemic
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 2
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8 Test Bank for Anatomy & Physiology
3) An increased rate of breathing as a result of an increased buildup of carbon dioxide in the
bloodstream would be best described as an example of ________.
A) maintaining boundaries
B) excretion of metabolic waste
C) responsiveness
D) metabolism
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5
4) Average body temperature is ________ degrees centigrade.
A) 98
B) 68
C) 47
D) 37
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 8
5) If you consider your home air conditioner in terms of homeostasis, then the wall thermostat
would be the ________.
A) control center
B) receptor
C) effector
D) variable
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 8-9
6) What is the main, general purpose of negative feedback?
A) to control all body system tissues
B) to maintain homeostasis
C) to keep the bodyʹs sugar high
D) to regulate excretion
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 8-9
7) What is the specific name for the hip region?
A) manus
B) inguinal
C) pedal
D) coxal
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 13; Fig. 1.7
8) An oblique cut is one that is cut ________.
A) horizontal right and left
B) diagonally between the vertical and horizontal
C) vertical right and left
D) perpendicular to vertical and horizontal
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 13
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CHAPTER 1 The Human Body: An Orientation 9
9) The heart lies in the ________ cavity.
A) superior mediastinal
B) pleural
C) dorsal
D) pericardial
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15; Fig. 1.9
10) The cavities housing the eyes are called __________ cavities.
A) frontal
B) cranial
C) nasal
D) orbital
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 17
11) A structure that is composed of two or more tissues would be a(n) ________.
A) complex tissue
B) organ system
C) organ
D) complex cell
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4
12) ________ cavities are spaces within joints.
A) Nasal
B) Synovial
C) Orbital
D) Oral
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 17-18
13) Which of the following would not be a functional characteristic of life?
A) movement
B) responsiveness to external stimuli
C) maintenance of boundaries
D) decay
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 4-6
14) Which term means toward or at the back of the body, behind?
A) anterior
B) lateral
C) distal
D) dorsal
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 12; Tbl. 1.1
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10 Test Bank for Anatomy & Physiology
15) The single most abundant chemical substance of the body, accounting for 60% to 80% of body
weight, is ________.
A) oxygen
B) protein
C) water
D) hydrogen
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 8
16) What is the posterior side of the patella called?
A) sural
B) crural
C) antecubital
D) popliteal
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 13; Fig. 1.7
17) Which of the following statements is true concerning feedback mechanisms?
A) Positive feedback mechanisms always result in excessive damage to the host.
B) Negative feedback mechanisms tend to increase the original stimulus.
C) Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body.
D) Blood glucose levels are regulated by positive feedback mechanisms.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 9-11
18) The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except ________.
A) body erect
B) arms at sides
C) palms turned posteriorly
D) thumbs pointed laterally
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 11; Fig. 1.7
19) A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be ________.
A) body temperature regulation
B) regulating glucose levels in the blood
C) enhancement of labor contractions
D) blood calcium level regulation
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 9-10
20) Which of the following describes a parasagittal plane?
A) a transverse cut just above the knees
B) two cuts dividing the body into left and right halves
C) any sagittal plane except the median
D) any cut dividing the body into anterior and posterior
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 13
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CHAPTER 1 The Human Body: An Orientation 11
21) Which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region?
A) appendix
B) stomach
C) liver
D) intestines
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 17; Fig. 1.12
22) The parietal pleura would represent a serous membrane ________.
A) covering individual lungs
B) lining the thoracic cavity
C) covering the heart
D) lining the abdominal cavity
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 16
23) Which one of the following systems responds to environmental stimuli?
A) muscular
B) lymphatic
C) immune
D) nervous
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6; Fig. 1.3
24) Choose the anatomical topic and definition that is not correctly matched.
A) Gross anatomy: study of structures visible to the eye.
B) Microscopic anatomy: study of structures too small to be seen by the naked eye.
C) Cytology: study of the structures in a particular region.
D) Embryology: study of the changes in an individual from conception to birth.
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 2
25) Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains ________.
A) the lowest possible energy usage
B) a relatively stable internal environment, within limits
C) a static state with no deviation from preset points
D) a dynamic state within an unlimited range
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 8-9
26) In which cavities are the lungs located?
A) pleural, ventral, and thoracic
B) mediastinum, thoracic, and ventral
C) pleural, dorsal, and abdominal
D) pericardial, ventral, and thoracic
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15; Fig. 1.9
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12 Test Bank for Anatomy & Physiology
27) Choose the following statement that is not completely correct regarding serous membranes.
A) Serosa are very thin, double-layered structures.
B) Serous membranes are divided into parietal and visceral membranes with a potential
space between the two.
C) Visceral pericardium covers the surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines the
walls of the heart.
D) Serous membranes secrete a watery lubricating fluid.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15-16
28) Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex:
1. molecules
2. atoms
3. tissues
4. cells
5. organ
A) 1-2-3-4-5
B) 2-1-4-3-5
C) 2-1-3-4-5
D) 1-2-4-3-5
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 3; Fig 1.1
29) Which of these is not part of the dorsal cavity?
A) cranial cavity
B) thoracic cavity
C) spinal cord
D) vertebral cavity
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15-16; Fig. 1.9
30) In which abdominopelvic cavity is the stomach located?
A) right upper
B) right lower
C) left upper
D) left lower
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 16; Fig. 1.9
31) Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding homeostatic imbalance?
A) It is considered the cause of most diseases.
B) The internal environment is becoming more stable.
C) Positive feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed.
D) Negative feedback mechanisms are functioning normally.
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 10
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CHAPTER 1 The Human Body: An Orientation 13
32) Subdivisions of anatomy include which of the following?
A) gross, macroscopic, visual, and microscopic
B) gross, regional, dissection, and surface
C) regional, surface, visual, and microscopic
D) gross, regional, systemic, and surface
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 2
33) The term pollex refers to the ________.
A) great toe
B) calf
C) fingers
D) thumb
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 13; Fig. 1.7
34) The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following?
A) intestines
B) brain
C) lungs
D) liver
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15; Fig. 1.9
35) Select the most correct statement.
A) The immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system.
B) Organ systems operate independently of each other to maintain life.
C) The endocrine system is not a true structural organ system.
D) Organ systems can be composed of cells or tissues, but not both.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7; Fig. 1.3
36) One of the functional characteristics of life is irritability. This refers to ________.
A) indigestible food residues stimulating the excretory system
B) sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them
C) the nervous system causing all living things to sometimes experience anger
D) the necessity for all organisms to reproduce
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 5
37) Which of the following are survival needs of the body?
A) nutrients, water, movement, and reproduction
B) nutrients, water, growth, and reproduction
C) water, atmospheric pressure, growth, and movement
D) nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 6-8
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14 Test Bank for Anatomy & Physiology
38) The anatomical position is used ________.
A) rarely, because people donʹt usually assume this position
B) as a standard reference point for directional terms regardless of the actual position of the
body
C) only when a body is lying down
D) as the most comfortable way to stand when dissecting a specimen
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 11
39) What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into left and right, called?
A) frontal
B) regional
C) sagittal
D) transverse
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 13
40) What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior regions
called?
A) frontal
B) median
C) sagittal
D) transverse
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 13-14; Fig 1.8
41) Which body cavity protects the nervous system?
A) cranial
B) dorsal
C) vertebral
D) thoracic
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15
42) Which of the following describes the operation of the heart and blood vessels?
A) systemic anatomy
B) cardiovascular anatomy
C) systemic physiology
D) cardiovascular physiology
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 2
Fill-in-the-Blank/Short Answer Questions
1) Similar cells that have a common function are called ________.
Answer: tissues
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4
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CHAPTER 1 The Human Body: An Orientation 15
2) What does the “principle of complementarity of structures and function” mean?
Answer: What a structure can do depends on its specific form, or ʺstructure determines function.ʺ
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 2
3) The term that describes the back of the elbow is ________.
Answer: olecranal
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 13; Fig. 1.7
4) The term that describes the heel region is ________.
Answer: calcaneal
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 13; Fig. 1.7
5) The elbow is ________ to the wrist.
Answer: proximal
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 12; Tbl 1.1
6) The ________ cavity contains tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations to the organ of hearing
in the inner ear.
Answer: middle ear
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 17
7) ________ is explained by chemical and physical principles and is concerned with the function of
specific organs or organic systems.
Answer: Physiology
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 2
8) What is a dynamic equilibrium of your internal environment termed?
Answer: homeostasis
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 8-9
9) Which cavity contains the bladder, some reproductive organs, and the rectum?
Answer: pelvic
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15; Fig. 1.9
10) What is the serous membrane that covers the intestines called?
Answer: visceral
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 16
11) ________ physiology concerns urine production and kidney function.
Answer: Renal
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 2
12) What broad term covers all chemical reactions that occur within the body cells?
Answer: metabolism
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 5
13) What is the function of the serous membranes?
Answer: They act to reduce friction and allow the organs to slide across cavity walls.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 16
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16 Test Bank for Anatomy & Physiology
14) Fully describe the anatomical position for the human body.
Answer: The body is erect, arms hanging at the sides, palms forward, and thumbs pointed away
from the midline.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 11
15) What does gross anatomy study?
Answer: Larger structures of the body that can be seen with the naked eye.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 2
16) Can lungs carry out excretory functions? Explain your answer.
Answer: Yes, carbon dioxide is a metabolic waste the lungs excrete.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5
17) The higher we go in the mountains, the greater the atmospheric pressure, which causes a loss of
oxygen. Comment on this statement.
Answer: The statement is backwardsthe higher we go, the less atmospheric pressure, therefore
less oxygen.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 8
18) Why is anatomical terminology necessary?
Answer: Anatomical terms are precise words that have limited usage, which prevents confusion
when describing the location of body parts.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 11
19) The five cavities of the head are cranial, oral, nasal, middle ear, and ________.
Answer: orbital
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 17
20) The ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them is called ________.
Answer: responsiveness or irritability
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 5
21) What is the single most abundant chemical substance in the body?
Answer: water
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 8
22) Why must a normal body temperature be maintained in order for chemical reactions to be
continued at life-sustaining rates?
Answer: If body temperature is too low, chemical reactions slow and eventually stop. If body
temperature is too high, chemical reactions speed up and body proteins lose their normal
shape, resulting in loss of function.
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 8
23) What is the pathway between the receptor and the control center in the reflex pathway called?
Answer: afferent pathway
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 9; Fig. 1.4
24) What type of homeostatic feedback reflex is the withdrawal reflex?
Answer: negative
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 9
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CHAPTER 1 The Human Body: An Orientation 17
25) Why are the abdominopelvic cavity organs the most vulnerable in an automobile accident?
Answer: The walls of the abdominal cavity are formed only by trunk muscles and are not
reinforced by bone. The pelvic organs receive a somewhat greater degree of protection
from the bony pelvis.
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 16
26) What is the goal of all of the negative feedback mechanisms of the body?
Answer: The goal is to prevent sudden severe changes within the body.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 9-10
27) Which feedback mechanism causes the variable to deviate further and further from its original
value or range?
Answer: positive feedback
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 9-10
28) What can happen when the usual negative feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed and
destructive positive feedback mechanisms take over?
Answer: Homeostatic imbalances increase our risk for illness and produce the changes we
associate with aging.
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 10
29) Which body system would be most affected by a lower than normal atmospheric pressure?
Answer: respiratory system
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 8
Clinical Questions
1) A small family was traveling in its van and had a minor accident. The children in the